Reasons for injection moulding defects

Time:2019-09-02 10:10:28 / Popularity: / Source:

Product defects

Dimensions do not match: plastic product size is out of tolerance (especially in size)

Reason:

1. Material is wrong.
2. Mold cavity size NG (shrinkage rate error, processing error)
3. Mold cavity size is OK, unreasonable mold structure (number or position of gate, mold has no heating system or heating failure, uneven cooling), unreasonable product structure (deep cavity, thin wall, uneven wall thickness), unreasonable process parameters (holding pressure, sequence valve), injection molding machine (small tonnage, insufficient injection pressure)
Deformation: bending, twisting, warping, unevenness

Reason:

1. Pressure of holding pressure is too large, internal stress is large, and deformation is large within 24 hours after die is released.
2. Uneven cooling, resulting in warpage.
3. Position of gate is unreasonable, amount of pouring is uneven, and stress is concentrated.
4. Local sticky mold causes tensile deformation when mold is released.
5. Mold cavity deformation (polishing deformation).
6. Ejector structure is unreasonable, thimble is not under the place where tightening force is the largest, and ejector is deformed.
Peeling

Reason:

1. Poor raw materials.
2. Mixing, can not be melted.
3. Too much nozzle material.
4. Nozzle material is reused many times and degraded.
Carbonization: charred, "adhesive"

Reason:

1. Heating temperature is too high (especially at hot nozzle and gate).
2. Heating time is too long.
3. Mold is partially exhausted.
Uneven color

Reason:

1. Color masterbatch ratio is too small.
2. Remaining material of barrel is not exhausted.
3. Color masterbatch is not evenly stirred.
Flow Mark : A small piece of similar gloss on the surface or side of product.
flow marks 

Reason:

1. Raw materials are poorly dried.
2. Poor debugging of injection molding process.
Color mixing: Surface of product is mixed with a group of plastics of other colors, which is not clean when material is transferred.

Reason:

1. Hot runner is not clean after refueling.
2. Material in the barrel is not washed after refueling.
Cracking: product crack

Reason:

1. There are too many nozzles to affect strength.
2. Sticky mold and mold is cracked.
3. Eject imbalance and top crack.
Foaming: bubbles appear inside or on the surface of plastic parts

Reason:

1. Poor plasticization, air in the melt.
2. Overheating, decomposition of raw materials.
Cold material: residue remaining after previous product is in the cavity, causing it to stick to surface of latter product.

Reason:

1. There are residual materials at the gate.
2. Nozzle of injection molding machine and main ball of mold are eccentric, there is cold material.
3. Hot nozzle with cold material.
Missing glue: not completely filled
injection moulding defects 

Reason:

1. Poor fluidity of raw materials. (HIPS resistance material, glass fiber, etc.)
2. Mold gate is small, gate position is far from gate.
3. Poor exhaust, trapped gas leads to lack of material.
4. Thin gate position, difficult to fill.
5. Injection pressure is not enough.
6. Rubber heating temperature is not enough.
Over-material: Gate position does not match drawing, there is excess gate position

Reason:

1. NC overcutting, carbon deposition during EDM, etc.
2. Etched protection is not good.
3. Mold gate surface is bruised.
Flash: Flashing due to steel material with a certain gap on the edge of product, position of parting surface, position of apex of thimble, position of piercing and inserting, edge of inlay.

Reason:

1. Raw material has good fluidity. (PA, ABS+PMMA)
2, Mold is poorly matched, exhaust and assembly clearance is too large.
3. There are foreign objects on parting surface.
4, Production clamping speed is too fast, pressure is too large, resulting in parting surface pressure deformation.
5, Injection pressure is too large, clamping force is not enough.
6, Collision surface collapsed, inserting surface to scrape burr.
7. Mold clamping machine can not lock B board. When mold is pressed, pusher is pressed back. Red part can be matched, but actual parting surface will have a blunt.
Shrinkage: shrinkage of plastic parts after molding, resulting in local depression
injection moulding defects 

Reason:

1. Main wall thickness of product is too thin and bone or column is too thick.
2. Injection pressure is small and outer dimensions are small.
3. Uneven cooling, insufficient, local overheating, local shrinkage after mold released.
Pulling concave: when plastic part is out of mold, force is generated by depression

Reason:

1. Front or back mold is poorly polished, and mold is stuck.
2. Ejector unbalance.
Stress marks: Surface of product has corresponding gloss areas corresponding to back bone position, reinforcing ribs, material add or reduction boundary. Often referred to as "light body, light printing, bone shadow" (wool felt is wiped immediately after molding and effect is obvious)

Reason:

1. Flow rate of melt suddenly increases or molecular chain changes direction,stress is unbalanced. Surface is too smooth, texture is not deep enough or material thickness is abrupt.
2, Insert is not tightly matched, and high pressure is small loose when filling, which will lead to stress (such as dents often appear in horn gate insert).
3. Mold deformation or assembly problems, such as deformation of ejector plate, micro-retraction of thimble, top block during injection molding process (similar to reason 2).
4. Holding pressure is too high, mold temperature and material temperature is too low.
5. Mold is partially overheated (large thimble, large top block, large slanted top without cooling), uneven cooling, and water path is too far away from stress mark.
Whitening: When product is demoulded, place where the part is partially stressed is white (the color is white). Commonly, there are “whitening on the side, in the buckle, on the column, and so on.

Reason:

1. When product is demoulding, it is inclined, and buckle is whitening after ejected.
2, Poor polishing, local sticky mold, slight deformation of die, whitening of mold part.
3, Layout of ejector is unreasonable, and slight deformation of die causes whitening.
4, Thimble plate deformation or length of injection molding machine top stick is different, resulting in unbalanced ejection and whitening.
Top height, top white: Surface with a thimble can be seen slightly higher than other places (or with white marks)

Reason:

1. Adhesive mold is too tight and polishing is poor.
2. Thimble is not enough, layout is unreasonable, and diameter is too small.
3. Ejector out of balance, ejector plate is inclined, and length of tie rod is different.
4, Ejection mechanism has a delay.
5, Deep cavity plastic parts, shrinkage leads to invalid of apex of parting surface, thimble of column position and cylinder, only thimble acting on the large surface is ejected, resulting in a top height.
6. Wall thickness of plastic parts is thin.
Shovel glue: during mold release process, ejection mechanism scrapes plastic parts

Reason:

1. Inclined top is higher than material level surface, and shovel material is used when demoulding (low 0~0.10mm is suitable).
2. Slanted thimble has no anti-slip, and product offset is shovel when demoulding.
3, Oblique top or slider sticking, poor polishing, insufficient stroke and other issues, resulting in offset in a certain direction when demoulding, shovel injury caused by ejection mechanism.
Weld lines: fluids from different directions are not tight enough to form linear traces when hot-welded, often called “water-grain”; melt lines appear at intersection of melts, only obvious and inconspicuous differences.
injection moulding defects 

Reason:

1. Temperature is lower when welding.
2. Needle of cylinder is too high, causing local material position to be too thin. Periphery is filled first, and weld line is formed in the middle.
3. Multi-point pouring into weld line.
Step difference: position of material on the edge of insert (or thimble, slanted top, etc.) that should be connected on plastic part is uneven.

Reason:

1. Assembly of insert is poor.
2. Thimble and inclined top are not completely retracted.
3, Same plane of insert material position is processed separately, size is wrong. (eg: two inserts in rib position, respectively discharge)
Dragging: friction between side wall of product and mold

Reason:

1. Ribs and column positions are poorly polished.
2. Mold is partially crushed and deformed, or steel material is scraped.
3. Draft angle is not enough.
4, Side wall is rough (with fire pattern, skin pattern, etc.).
Sticky mold: Product is stuck in front mold or rear mold cavity, and cannot be completely removed after mold is opened.

Reason:

1. Poor polishing leads to sticking of ribs and studs.
2. Deep ribs failed to get enough cooling.
3. Draft angle is too small.
4, Leather surface and fire pattern surface are too rough.
Gas mark: When heat flow is flushed into cavity, air mark and flow mark caused by poor exhaust of cavity are similar to hand fingerprint. (more appear around runner, in the form of fog, plaque, grain)
injection moulding defects 

Reason:

1.Gate is too thin and small.
2. Poor melt flow.
3. When initial filling, melt passes through gate too fast and directly rushes into cavity.
4. Gate temperature is too low.
Pull high: edge or hole of product is pulled out when demoulding.

Reason:

1. Draft angle is too small.
2. Die surface is poorly polished.
3, Wearing position touches inverted buckle.
4. Force is unbalanced during demoulding, or there is a sticky front mold on one side, causing slight deformation and high pulling of product.
5. When demoulding, mold is overheated and cooling is poor. Product is demolded without being completely cooled, mold is easily pulled and deformed.
Rust spots: Mold cavity is rusted, causing similar skin texture on the surface of product, but extremely uneven flakes or plaques (depending on the degree of surface appearance)

Reason:

1, no rust inhibitor, water splashes into cavity.
2, damp.
3. It has not been cleaned after seepage or water leakage.
4. Rust inhibitor is not good.
5. After mold trial, it is not cleaned in time and sprayed with anti-rust oil.
Oil stain: oil stains, hand fingerprints, dust or other stains on the surface of product

Reason:

1.Mold insert has oil stains that are not cleaned and flow out during mold trial.
2. There is too much butter in slanting top and it will flow out after being heated.
3. Anti-rust oil is not washed.
4. Thimble oil is sprayed too much.
5, Pick up without gloves.
6. Processing environment is too dusty, and high-gloss parts are not filmed in time.
Distressed gas: melt filling end (parting surface, rib position, mesh position, vicinity of weld line, etc.), poor cavity exhaust, gas in melt can not be discharged, forming filamentous, foggy or even burnt marks.

Reason:

1. No exhaust, or too little exhaust, too shallow exhaust groove.
2, Multi-point pouring, there is trapped gas near weld line (exhaust inserts, exhaust steel, etc.).
3, Injection is imbalanced.
4, Material is easy to decompose.
5, Mosaic structure, ejection structure is too small, insert and exhaust gas are limited.
Poor skin texture: texture thickness, depth, dense, skin texture does not match (light, matt), skin scratches, local grain leakage, corrosion of non-skinned areas

Reason:

1. Mold is poorly polished before leather texture.
2, Steel materials are different (material is uneven, or laser welding, etc.)
3. Corrosion time is not enough.
4, Film does not match.
5. Sandblasting is different.
6. Mold is poorly protected during etching.
Material line: Generally, after front die is etched, appearance of flow marks and sputter marks on steel material appears on the surface of product, and appearance of same grain appears on the surface of product.

Reason:

1. Material of steel in mold etched area is uneven and content of impurities is large (most domestic materials are easy to appear). Tempering can be improved.
2, Steel material does not match.
Poor polishing

Reason:

1. When glazing is used, wool head is directly ground to gate position, diamond paste is not enough, and mirror has a circle-shaped grinding mark.
2, Deep cavity can not be thrown, missed throwing.
3. Oil stone and sandpaper are not fine enough.
Orange peel: After highlight is polished, mirror has orange peel and wavy lines.

Reason:

1. Polishing performance of steel materials is not good (too soft and easy to be scratched).
2, Polishing direction problem (for long time to throw same direction).
3. Polishing strength problem (too much strength).
Orange peel: there is a pitting on the surface of high-gloss product

Reason:

1. Raw material problems.
2, Polishing problem, impurity particles are worn away, leaving a small hole in die face.
3. There are many impurities in steel material. After polishing, there are small particles on die surface, which can be seen.
4, Mold surface rust point.
Poor cut in the nozzle: nozzle is not flat or protruding after being broken. It is usually called “nozzle is prominent or high”.

Reason:

1. Nozzle is too thick and difficult to cut.
2. Cross section of nozzle is not flat, and arc surface is difficult to cut flat.
3. Size of broken part is too large, and it is not flat after breaking.
4. Product of nozzle connection is thin and easy to crack.
Not working well

Reason:

1. Ejection trip is not enough and cannot be completely removed.
2. Structure of horn is unreasonable and elasticity is not enough.
3. Horn is located at trigeminal position and is broken.
4, Polishing is not enough, sticky.
5, Recycled materials, easy to break.
6, There is a reverse buckle structure.
7. Poor polishing, product is shifted to one side, so that the other side cannot be demolded.
8, Skin is too deep.
9. Bone position, column position, etc. are too deep, and draft angle is too small.
Welding

Reason:

1. Different materials, there are welding marks after welding (there are obvious darkness and depth difference after polishing and etching).
2, Same kind of material, due to local heating in welding area, crystal image changes, steel in welding area will also have a slight impression.
Airway mark

Reason:

1. Airway is too long (airway of a single gas needle is >300mm, which can cut off airway and increase gas needle).
2. Position of airless channel in the middle of two airways is too short, which is easy to string, and gas loses its pressure holding effect.
3. Blowing too early.
Improve direction: mold temperature is as high as possible, while delaying blowing time as long as possible, air pressure is as low as possible, and gas holding time is as short as possible (shrinking air passage and increasing air needle).
Blowing: gas-assisted mold, outside product when nitrogen is blown during air intake

Reason:

1. Intake air is too early and surface of product has not been cured.
2. Air pressure is too large.
3. Intake speed is too fast.
4. Wall thickness of airway is not enough, leaving wall of gas walking route too thin.
Wrong word

Reason:

1. Electrode is wrong.
2, Engraving program is wrong.
3, Film is wrong.
4, Date is wrong.

Mold defect

Eject defect

Reason:

1. Structure has interference (ejector system interferes with each other, ejection and product interference).
2. Inclined top slide is deformed and stuck.
3, Cylinder, thimble, oblique top nitriding poor, pulling, deformation, stuck.
4, Middle tow deformation, stuck.
5. Guide column and oblique guide column are plucked.
6. Spring fails.
7. Thimble plate is deformed.
8. Forced reset structure is unbalanced and length of top stick is different.
9. Cylinder is not strong enough and cylinder is not installed properly.
Water leakage / water seepage / string water / waterway impediment / less water

Reason:

1. Thimble, cylinder, inclined top hole, etc., break waterway.
2. Sealing ring groove is deformed and collapsed.
3. Sealing ring is used for too long, aging and rupture are invalid.
4. Use of a seal that is not resistant to high temperatures at high temperatures causes failure.
5, Plug is not blocked (too little tape, anaerobic glue dry crack, poor tooth size, plug specifications do not match screw damage).
6. Waterways collide with each other, and there is a gap at the bottom of copper hole to cause water leakage.
7. High temperature water pipe connects core end of mold to leak into cavity.
8. Test water pressure is too small to find water leakage (injection water pressure 4kg/cm2, test water is more than 10kg/cm2, ie 1MPa)
9. There are residues in waterway.
Air leak

Reason:

1. Air-assisted mold air passage communicates with other holes to cause air leakage.
2. Hot runner gas path is connected to other holes.
3. Seal groove is too deep.
4. Sealing ring is damaged, flattened and aged.
5, Plug is not blocked.
6, Gas needle raw tape winding is not tight enough.
Missing

Reason:

1. Missing inserting needles, nozzle thimbles, cylinders, thimbles, etc.
2. Screws, pins, and plugs are missing.
3, Secretary / needle installation error, nozzle thimble, thimble, inserts are wrong.
Hot runner failure

Reason:

1. Short circuit and open circuit.
2. Temperature lines are reversed.
3, Watch core is damaged (insurance, CPU, thyristor).
4. Valve needle has no action (solenoid valve is broken or spool is pulled, gas path is not connected).
5, Valve needle sealing force is small (chain gas leakage, gas circuit blockage).
6. Valve needle is not retracted (valve needle sleeve wears a small amount of leaking glue).
7. Runner channel board leaks material (cold water jacket is poorly matched, gate is broken, valve sleeve is worn, thickness of runner plate is insufficient or deformed, and hot nozzle is poorly assembled).
8, Broken valve needle (poor quality, raw material corrosion).
Crushing, impacting: thimble, inclined top, flat top, insert, insert, etc., due to looseness, breakage or incomplete retraction, causing front die face when clamping

Reason:

1. Breaking.
2, Loose.
3, Stuck.
4, Not returned, forced reset, travel switch is not installed or not effective.
5. Parting surface, foreign matter in mold.
Does not match production conditions: mold does not match injection molding machine, auxiliary machine and connecting equipment

Reason:

1. Outer dimensions of mold are larger than spacing of injection molding machine, and mold thickness plus mold opening exceeds maximum opening distance of injection molding machine template.
2. Positioning ring is different from fixed end of injection molding machine.
3. After mold is hung, KO hole or forced reset hole does not match position of top stick.
4. Forced reset structure does not match top stick structure.
5. Code, code modulo, and template code slot do not match.
6. Radius of ball of nozzle does not match ball diameter of nozzle of injection molding machine.
7. Mold faucet is not matched with injection molding machine water pipe, steam pipe and hot water machine are not matched.
8. Mold hot runner socket, connection cable socket, and temperature control box socket do not match; time controller connector does not match socket.

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